home town lawns & landscapes

The Un-Licensed Local Business

Thu, 01 Mar 2012 12:43:00 -0400

Each year, the Washington DC metropolitan area is inundated with landscaping and property maintenance start-ups. Research has shown that these start-ups are a direct result of either losing a job or not being able to find one. The green industry is competitive! Low-ballers crawl out of the wood work and quote prices that are unbelievably cheap. They claim they are licensed and insured. But, the average consumer doesn't really know what 'licensed and insured' means. When selecting a company to service your property, you've got to compare 'apples to apples.' A business license does NOT mean qualified! Insured may not mean 'for the task you've contracted.'

The Commonwealth of VA requires landscaping and home improvement contractors to obtain very specific certifications and licenses in order to conduct business. This is where the 'apples to apples' comparison comes in. We feel it's important to educate and protect the consumer, protect the environment, and promote healthy competition within our industry. We are not the un-skilled. We are the educated. We are the protectors. We are the future.

We're not picking on anybody, we just want other 'green industry' and home improvement businesses to know what they're doing so that consumers don't get cheated. Ever heard of one bad apple spoils the bunch? Well, when one un-licensed, un-qualified business does something so incredibly stupid, it costs EVERYONE more money. More laws are passed, more licensing is required, and insurance rates sky rocket. Click here to see a list of the local, un-licensed landscaping and home improvement businesses we checked out.

'Apples to Apples' Comparisons & State Business Requirements for Landscaping, Property Maintenance, & Home Improvement Contractors

1. Registered with the State Corporation Commission

2. Must hold a local business license in which the business is located. This is where most businesses state they are licensed.

3. As told to us, "if you put a shovel to dirt,' your company is required to obtain a VA Contractor's License as defined by the VA Board of Contractors. The 'green industry', for the most part, falls under the Specialty Contractors classification and comprises MOST of the services of landcaping and home improvement services. When we started our business in 2005, a contractor's license was not required. However, VA law changed due to the number of un-qualified, un-insured businesses, posing as 'licensed and insured.' The VA Board of Contractors requires the business to prove qualification, state corporation commission registration, and verifies minimum commercial insurance requirements. Department of Professional & Occupational Regulation

Furthermore, as we all know, customers want a 'one stop shop' to service their property. Therefore, if the business does any Interior/Exterior Home Improvement to include Decks, Fences, Siding, Roofing, Painting, Staining, Hardscapes, Masonry, Patios, Irrigation, and other Handyman Services, the state requires multiple certifications on their contractor's License through the VA Department of Professional & Occupational Regulation

4. Does your landscaper offer Fertilization & Weed Control? Certification & Licensing is REQUIRED BY ANY BUSINESS THAT APPLIES OR RECOMMENDS ANY ORGANIC OR INORGANIC PRODUCT. Individuals are certified as commercial pesticide applicators, registered technicians and private pesticide applicators. The type of pesticide applications a person can perform is dependent on the applicator’s certification. You may view the list of Virginia certified commercial applicators, registered technicians and private applicators in PDF below. This list is updated weekly. Businesses and/or Individuals offering this service MUST be licensed by the state in order to suggest, inform, apply, or otherwise recommend an organic or inorganic product whether or not the product is regulated or not.

Ornamental Applications, Flower Beds, Garden Beds, Trees, Shrubs, etc. are NOT the same as Turf Applications. There is so much education required for Pesticide Application, I shudder when I see start-ups buying pesticides at the local landscape supply or on properties. Seriously, it is A BIG DEAL and it is NOT EASY! ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL!!

a. The Business MUST hold a valid Pesticide Business License through the VA Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Office of Pesticide Services. Commercial insurance general liability policies DOES NOT cover Fertilization & Weed Control services!!! Additional insurance qualifications and endorsements are required to include HAZMAT liability coverage.

b. The Business MUST have at least ONE full-time licensed Commercial Pesticide Applicator certified through the VDACS, Office of Pesticide Services. The NEW start-up business with no Commercial Pesticide Applicator in its employ CANNOT OBTAIN A PESTICIDE BUSINESS LICENSE, nor can the business offer the service for hire in any capacity.

c. Any person who applies herbicides, insecticides, whether ORGANIC or INORGANIC pesticides who does not have the advanced Commercial Pesticide Applicator designation is required to have the minimumRegistered Technician Applicator license and MAY NOT apply EPA regulated products without the on-site supervision of a Commercial Pesticide Applicator. Items B & C are dependent upon Item A.

5. Does your landscaper apply Fertilizer or Lime? VA REQUIRES a PERMIT to sell and/or apply fertilizer and/or lime. Fertilizer and/or Lime Permit

6. Commercial Insurance. This is a complicated area. Our research revealed that there are only a handful of commercial liability policies that specifically covers all of those things we do as landscape contractors. We learned the hard way and I'll just leave it at that. We switched carriers and now have the correct policy for our service industry. Insurance on trucks driven for business purposes. Again, a complicated issue. Personal policies with 'commercial' endorsements WILL NOT cover most incidents. The business must convert the personal vehicle to a commercial vehicle, give up the personal property tax break, and suck up the additional cost for "true" commercial automobile insurance.

The 'Apples to Apples' Comparison is clear. Although this list isn't all inclusive for any jurisdiction, I hope you can see that un-qualified start-ups are cheap in the beginning, but cost YOU and US in the end. With ever changing regulations, laws, continuing education, and insurance requirements, the costs are staggering. Generally, the above list ranges from $10K - $25K per year per business - and, this depends on a number of factors that isn't appropriate for this venue.

The Bad Apples - The Local, Un-Licensed Business

Fairfax, Prince William, and Faquier Counties to include the cities of Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, Manassas Park, and Warrenton.

If a business below has received the credentials required by the state, please email us and we'll be happy to remove you from the list! info@hometownlawns.com

http://www.hometownlawns.com/index.cfm?action=page&page=42

Twelve Days of Christmas - Decoded

Thu, 22 Dec 2011 08:34:00 -0400

Many thanks to one of my customers for sending this to me! I've reposted here in order to share with everyone...

From 1558 until 1829, Roman Catholics in England were not permitted to practice their faith openly. Someone during that era wrote this carol as a catechism song for young Catholics. It has two levels of meaning: the surface meaning plus a hidden meaning known only to members of their church. Each element in the carol has a code word for a religious reality which the children could remember.

- The partridge in a pear tree was Jesus Christ.

- Two turtle doves were the Old and New Testaments.

- Three French hens stood for faith, hope and love.

- The four calling birds were the four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke & John.

- The five golden rings recalled the Torah or Law, the first five books of the Old Testament.

- The six geese a-laying stood for the six days of creation.

- Seven swans a-swimming represented the sevenfold gifts of the Holy Spirit--Prophesy, Serving, Teaching, Exhortation, Contribution, Leadership, and Mercy.

- The eight maids a-milking were the eight beatitudes.

- Nine ladies dancing were the nine fruits of the Holy Spirit--Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Goodness, Faithfulness, Gentleness, and Self Control.

- Ten lords a-leaping were the ten commandments.

- The eleven pipers piping stood for the eleven faithful disciples.

- The twelve drummers drumming symbolized the twelve points of belief in the Apostles' Creed.

Baobab Tree

Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:59:00 -0400

as reported by home town's official field reporter, Jonathan Cox...

Getting Scrooged

Sat, 10 Dec 2011 10:25:00 -0400

I’d nearly forgotten about an essay and photo contest I entered last December. I don’t enter contests – except for the occasional lottery draw or scratcher. I don’t have the time. I don’t have the money.

But! This one was different. This one was sponsored by a former favorite trade magazine, Lawn & Landscape, owned by GIE Media Inc. So, I sent the essay and photo via email to the associate editor, Chuck Bowen.

You can check out the contest, prize award, rules, and disclaimers here: http://lawnandlandscape.texterity.com/lawnandlandscape/201012#pg54 Did any of you see any? I certainly didn’t.

Low and behold, I get a call in late September of this year from none other than Chuck telling me that I had won AND in the same sentence asking me if I was planning on attending the GIE+Expo in Louisville, KY – that’s the Green Industry & Equipment Expo.

Nope. I had no plans to go. Why? Too busy. One day of sunshine and twelve inches of rain in a month will do that! The schedule is backed up. Customers have to be serviced. New employees are on board. No way! Can’t go! Besides, trade shows and sales people give me the ‘willies!’ All those pretty people trying to sell you on their latest and greatest products and heaven forbid you give them your name – hell, you can’t get rid of them! My phone and email have been blowing up ever since. Delete, delete, don’t answer that!, delete, delete, delete!

Okay, so I now have a question. Who else was called about winning the contest but couldn’t go? If others were contacted, the contest wouldn’t have actually been a contest, but an opportunistic ploy for attendance to the tradeshow! According to Lawn & Landscape’s website, it looks like there were three of us in the running, but this is unconfirmed http://www.lawnandlandscape.com/lawn-landscape-what-kind-of-reader.aspx:

Kathy Corker, Green Leaf Gardens, Inc.

Richard King, Eastern Land Management, Inc.

Lorelei Cox, home town lawns & landscapes – that’s ME!

Guess you may have figured out by now that my business partner and I did end up going to Louisville. Nice sales job, Chuck! He says – “gonna be a presentation…, an awards ceremony…, gonna be a videographer…gonna be a big deal” – his words, not mine. With all the rain we’d been having here in Northern Virginia, we’ve got a zero turn stuck in two feet of mud sinking into the side of the hill, but yet I have to make time for a pre-trade show interview with Chuck all the while I’m up to my eyeballs in mud with a 200’ rope tied to another zero turn trying to pull the sinking one off the bloody muddy hill!

Why an interview? OH! Well, Chuck said it’s so he could have some background for the presentation ceremony.

Come to find out, this dumb southern gal didn’t even need to go to Louisville to receive the award. That was a slick one, Chuckie! You see, purchase nor travel was required to win the prize.

Have I mentioned that there were no rules, no disclaimers, no start time, no end time, no nothing! Just an open-ended contest which stated, “ The best photo and story will win two Kindles and an all expense paid trip to Molokai, Hawaii!

Chuck, Chuck, Chuck…that’s just wrong! You can’t do that! A journalist – [clearing my throat] an EDITOR - should always check out the facts – especially if sponsoring a contest!

So, let’s fast forward to the trade show. All checked in. Paid a boat load of money. We had to pay for our travel to and from the trade show, had to pay to get into the tradeshow, had to pay handsomely to eat at the tradeshow, had to re-schedule customers, etc.

Had to be there at 11am on the dot for the presentation. There was no presentation.

Was handed the Kindles and took a picture. No one knew anything about the all-expense paid trip to Molokai, HI. Typical. No details whatsoever. No presentation. No awards ceremony. No nothing.

Where are we now?

We are more than $2,500.00 in the hole for the wasted trip not including the overtime paid to employees to meet our scheduling obligations.

The all-expenses paid trip to Molokai, HI is not an all-expenses paid trip after all. It’s air-fare for two to Molokai and five nights in a hotel. No rental car, no meals, no other expenses, etc. I envision changing planes ten times to get there. BUT, none of this was mentioned in the prize award. Merely, “an all expense paid trip to Molokai, HI.”

Hmmm…this is me thinking out loud…with no details on the prize award published, I’m thinking it should be first class air fare for two, ten days in a five star hotel suite, rental car, meals, and spending money!

Why am I so upset at ‘Getting Scrooged?’

Because Lawn & Landscape and their official editor/representative, Chuck Bowen, won’t admit their/his mistake.

I’m not a lawyer, but I could play one on TV.

There are specific federal and state laws regarding Contest & Prize law – none were followed. At a glance, you certainly didn’t follow Virginia’s or Ohio’s state laws – in case you’re wondering that’s where GIE Media is located.

What happened here is just not right!

As a small business owner, I know which side the proverbial bread is buttered on for Lawn & Landscape – it’s the big guys in the green industry. I know that the publication is biased towards the big players, the lobbyists, and the so-called non-profits. It’s the Valley Crests, the Ruppert’s, the Brickman’s, the ADVERTISERS. That’s what keeps Lawn & Landscape in business. Yet, I still favored the publication for its benchmarking studies and articles on streamlining operations – albeit, even though I was removed from their mailing list mid-year – probably because I don’t meet their minimum criteria as a small business owner.

And, more importantly, I do know right from wrong. In business and in the field, we make mistakes and we have to own up to them. We make things right. It’s the cost of doing business.

So, for this, thanks Lawn & Landscape. Thanks, Chuck! You scrooged us! We’ll keep our chins up, tighten our Santa belts and figure out another way to keep our little elves employed this holiday season. Enjoy your merriment and holiday parties. Unfortunately, getting scrooged by you just wasn’t part of our budget this year.

A home town lawns & landscapes Veterans Day Hoo-Rah!

Fri, 11 Nov 2011 10:04:00 -0400

HOO-RAH TO OUR VETERANS PAST, PRESENT, & FUTURE

home town lawns & landscapes is especially proud to recognize Leah Hess, former veteran of the United States Army! Leah is currently full-time with the United States Postal Service and 50% owner of home town lawns and landscapes.

We would also like to recognize 2LT, Shane T. Hinton, United States Army and his father, LTC (retired) Jimmy Hinton for their service to our country.

HOO-RAH! Ya'll!

Is Rubber Mulch In Your Future?

Thu, 01 Sep 2011 08:23:00 -0400

Over the years, customers have purchased rubber mulch from local big box stores or online and have asked us to install it for them.

Frankly, I didn't like it. I found the product to be cheap, full of tire metal, void of 'natural' and lasting color, and too light weight to be sustainable in the landscape. The fact is, if we installed on a windy day, the mulch would literally blow away! No joke!

However, I'm not immune, nor am I lost on environmental stewardship. After many samples and many years researching the various rubber mulch manufacturers, I found a rubber mulch that I would put my name behind.

It's no secret that we sell rubber mulch. This isn't a blog to promote that company or to sell more rubber mulch. Rather, this blog is to outline the benefits of rubber mulch and its positive impact on the environment and the out of box thinking that comes with using 'what you got!'

The picture I've attached to this blog was taken yesterday in Pennsylvania. I had a large rubber mulch order and rather than have the product shipped directly to our warehouse, I wanted - NEEDED - to satisfy my own curiosity about how this product is different from the other products on the market. I wanted to see from start to finish the process of taking used TIRES and creating something usable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. So, I drove to PA to satiate my environmental palate.

Rubber mulch is derived 100% from used tires and is not only used to enhance landscaping, but also to provide a safe foundation for children's play areas, indoor and outdoor horse arenas, drainage and septic aggregate, floor mats, and Fuel - TDF (Tire Derived Fuel). The entire tire is recycled! Even the metal!

Rubber mulch is in our future. It very well may be the future. It is here and it is now. Here's why:

Everlast Rubber Mulch is not sold in the big box stores!
Heavier, doesn't blow away, yet lightweight saving on labor.
The color is "baked" into the mulch (a patented process) rather than sprayed on resulting in a minimum 5 year colorfast warranty if used to enhance the landscape.
If used in the landscape, it is natural in appearance. The darn stuff actually looks like mulch!
If used as an aggregate for drainage, it promotes natural leaching and is four times lighter than stone aggregate! It allows for better water flow since it is 30% more void than stone (meaning, the spacing between the material).
If used as an aggregate for septic, it is superior to stone for Biomat formation and microbiology for septic.
Zero adverse effects on plants, trees, shrubs, soil, children or pets.
If used as a playground material, it is #1 in shock absorbency when compared to pea gravel, wood mulch, bark mulch, uniform wood chips, fine gravel, sand, packed dirt, or asphalt.
If used in an equestrian arena, it has superior surface drainage, provides uniform cover, reduces dust, and is shock absorbent - less stress on the horse equals more training time.
Bottom line. Rubber aggregate is cost effective.

Are There Termites In Your Mulch?

Sat, 27 Aug 2011 10:32:00 -0400

A common question we get from homeowners is, "Can I get termites from mulch?"

Rumors and myths are abundant regarding termites and mulch.

Mulch itself does not attract or support the life cycle of colonized, subterranean termites. Why?

Mulch is a topdressing. It is applied on top of the soil. Termites that plague homes are subterranean termites. Subterranean termites live in the soil and are likely all around our homes. Termites prefer a cool, moist environment, which mulch provides. Mulch can, however, create a suitable environment for termites that already exist in the soil, which can sometimes bring them to the surface and make termites noticeable, which isn't altogether a bad thing. Most of the time, termite damage goes un-noticed because we don't typically see the actual termite until the damage is uncovered.

Is it possible? Yes. However, the total number of termites introduced into a property is insignificant compared to the total number of termites already present in the soil. Introducing termites into a property is unlikely because reproductive queen termites that are responsible for establishing new colonies live only in the soil and are not present in mulch. When mulch is processed, termite colonies are destroyed. Remaining termites die within a couple of weeks due to lack of nutrition and, quite frankly, lack of the colony.

Additionally, research has found that mulch is nutritionally inadequate to support subterranian termite populations. For example, bark mulches, which contain indigestible lignin, are an insufficient food source for termites. Gravel mulches, however, have been found to increase termite populations due to its ability to increase termite populations due to its ability to promote cooler conditions and retain soil moisture.

General rules of thumb regarding mulch applications:

Apply mulch at a depth of 2"-3"
Disturb mulch routinely, which reduces the ability of arthropods and/or other invertebrates to establish
Keep mulches at least 6 inches away from building foundations. This minimizes the abundance of occasional invaders and allows termite inspectors to see the bare concrete foundation at ground level to facilitate observation of termite tubes
Use inorganic mulches near foundations with the exception of gravel
Get an annual termite inspection

Accidents Happen

Fri, 26 Aug 2011 09:54:00 -0400

Yesterday, I was involved in an automobile accident in which another driver failed to change lanes properly resulting in hitting my vehicle. Fortunately, the driver that hit me and I weren't injured! That's the good news!

The bad news is that the driver that hit me wasn't a licensed driver, did not speak English, and was not a legal resident of the United States. Police were called, vehicles were moved, and traffic again flowed freely along this busy roadway. In most states, the standard protocol when involved in a motor vehicle accident is to contact the local authorities, exchange information with each other, and contact the 'at fault' driver's insurance company. Exchanging information was challenging to say the least. The driver was unable to read or write, didn't speak English, and even through a translator, I was still given false information.

As one can imagine, I have to carry alot of insurance for my business. The driver was not the owner of the vehicle that hit me and the owner of the vehicle carried a small liability policy.

Last night I began to think about how this one accident will affect me and my business. I calculated that I will lose more than 150 hours of my time with the insurance company, with the body shop, with my company, and with my employees. My time is valuable to me, my family, and my customers. At the end of the day, my vehicle with never be the same. Yes, it will be repaired, but with the ever increasing 'CarFax' reports, this one accident will negatively affect the re-sale value of my vehicle.

When you hire someone to work on your property, do you really think about the implications of damage done to your property? Employee injuries? Do you actually verify the contractor or are you verifying references only?

Do you think about how you would recoup your loss? How you would get in touch with your contractor?

Once upon a time, when I was working my way through graduate school, I was a Credit Card Fraud Investigator. I was trained to prove identity. Recall earlier when I stated that I was given invalid personal information? When you hire a contractor, you should know beyond a shadow of a doubt your contractor's information. Remember, anyone can have business cards and vehicle magnets made! Call me paranoid, but you can't take anyone's word anymore!

When hiring a contractor, become an investigator! Here's a few things I evaluate when I hire a contractor:

Is the vehicle lettered? I'm not saying that if a vehicle isn't lettered, the contractor isn't legitimate, but it's just something I look at from the perspective of perception.
Is the phone number a cell phone? You can buy pre-paid phones at 7-11. Cell phones are virtually un-traceable. Request the contractor's landline number and verify! If something happens, will you be able to reach your contractor?
Verify the business with the state
Verify insurance - Make darn sure the contractor name and/or the business name are the same on the insurance! Also, verify the contractor has specific endorsements which cover the work that you'll need done
Verify the contractor's license - Same here. The contractor's name and/or the business trade name must be the same on the contractor's license
Verify the contractor's address
Ask to see their driver's license
Search the internet!

Our Love/Hate Relationship With Deer

Thu, 25 Aug 2011 09:00:00 -0400

The first deer I ever remember seeing 'up close and personal' was an albino at the tender age of three when we lived on Jekyll Island located east of Brunswick, GA. At that time, I thought all deer were white with pink eyes! I was fascinated with them from that point on. Deer are beautiful and graceful animals. They dot the landscape with an adoring finesse and ambivalence that captivates and touches our hearts - those of us that aren't hunters or trying to save our expensive landscape plantings!

On some level, I feel sorry for the deer population. Afterall, urban sprawl, has wreaked havoc on their natural habitat. They're hungry. I get that. If someone or something is hungry, my natural inclination is to feed. Hosta are the ultimate salad bar for deer. Trees, roses, and azaleas, too!

I am cynical. There are literally hundreds of sprays on the market touting deer resistance and/or repellent. Rotten eggs, garlic! You name it, it's out there and hard earned dollars are being spent to try something that essentially you can make at home. There's no consistency from one property to another with regard to the efficacy of any particular product on the market. The only over the counter product that I know of that is a derrent is Irish Spring Soap!

Two years ago, I came across a product that was undergoing EPA approval for its effectiveness against deer grazing in the landscape.

Deer damage is a rapidly trending landscape problem, expanding to more areas of the country with each passing year, making it the fastest growing ornamental and turf challenge in America.

To address this problem, over 30 years ago James McNamara (Redding Nursery, Redding, Connecticut) developed a thiram-based repellent to protect his nursery stock from winter deer browse damage. Soon after, Redding Nursery customers noticed and began requesting deer protection for their own ornamental evergreens. Before long, Redding Nursery was protecting thousands of properties throughout Connecticut from deer damage. DeerPro Winter Animal Repellent successfully prevented millions of dollars of permanent damage to homeowners' expensive landscaping.

As the local deer population in Connecticut exploded, so did the demand for DeerPro. Today, despite its small size, Redding Nursery is the largest deer repellent service in Connecticut and quite possibly the United States. And now, with the development of DeerPro Repellent for Spring & Summer, year-round protection from deer damage has become a reality.

Their successful deer repellent history, and the rapid expansion of deer browsing has enabled Redding Nursery to offer DeerPro products along with their tried and true expertise (instructional videos, promotional fliers and consultation) to Licensed Commercial Applicators throughout the country.

Well, I spoke with the owner of the company. In 2009, the product was not sold in VA due to EPA regulations; however, I was sent a couple of gallons for free. I asked a couple of clients if I could field trial this deer repellent - FOR FREE - on their property. For two years, I applied the product. Amazing results. Last year, after receiving EPA approval, I applied the product in October and the results were incredible. No deer grazing through the winter. The summer product is currently undergoing EPA approval and, although is an effective deterrent, requires multiple applications.

This past January, the owner came down to Virginia and we met in my office in Manassas, VA. After several hours of learning more about their company and the product, I've got to say, I'm impressed. Moreover, at the time we spoke, we discussed the possibility of this product being used to deter moles and voles. In theory, the product should work, we discussed, but product labeling is everything when it comes to being a Licensed Commercial Applicator and the EPA is a stickler for using a product outside the parameters of its label. Recently, the product was approved as a vole deterrent.

DeerPro™ Winter Animal Repellent is the longest lasting deer repellent on the market today. Unlike other deer sprays that last only a few weeks, DeerPro does not need to be reapplied in the snow and ice of winter. DeerPro provides six months of protection from deer. One spray as early as October will still be protecting shrubs into early spring.

To schedule your DeerPro™ Winter Animal Repellent Treatment, call 703-361-3527

Earthquakes & Aftershocks

Tue, 23 Aug 2011 18:37:00 -0400

Become a fan on our Facebook page and enter to win a free home town TSHIRT.

Lawn Technician, Shane Hinton, Graduates College & Commissioned 2nd Lieutenant

Tue, 23 Aug 2011 08:41:00 -0400

Lawn Technician, Shane Hinton, Graduates College & Commissioned 2nd Lieutenant

home town lawns & landscapes is very proud to announce the college graduation and commisioning of Lawn Technician, Shane Hinton. Shane matriculated from the Rochester Institute of Technology with a B.S. in International Studies/Arabic and was commisioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the U.S. Army on Saturday, August 20, 2011. Shane has been a formidable member of the home town team during the past four years and will remain with us through December 2011.

Lawn Aeration - The Facts!

Mon, 22 Aug 2011 14:47:00 -0400

What Is Aeration?

Technically speaking, aeration is the naturally occurring process of air exchange between the soil and its surrounding atmosphere. Practically speaking, aeration is the process of mechanically removing small plugs of thatch and soil from the lawn to improve natural soil aeration. It’s commonly called “core aeration” in the lawn service industry, and you may have heard of it as soil cultivation (coring, spiking and slicing). Most homeowners simply call it aeration.

Aeration Benefits:

Core aeration can help make your lawn healthier and reduce its maintenance requirements through these means:

	Improved air exchange between the soil and atmosphere.
	Enhanced soil water uptake.
	Improved fertilizer uptake and use.
	Reduced water runoff and puddling.
	Stronger turfgrass roots.
	Reduced soil compaction.
	Enhanced heat and drought stress tolerance.
	Improved resiliency and cushioning.
	Enhanced thatch breakdown.

Aeration Equipment Affects the Outcome...

The type of aeration equipment can determine how effective the treatment will be. In general, turf responds best when core holes are close and deep. Equipment with hollow tines removes soil cores. Equipment with open tines divots the soil surface. Aeration equipment also varies in tine size up to 3/4 inch diameter and in depth of penetration up to 4 inches, depending on the manufacturer’s specifications.

How Often Should You Aerate a Lawn?

Most lawns benefit from annual aeration. Heavily used lawns, or those growing on heavy clay or subsoils may need more than one aeration each year. Again, turf responds best when tine spacing is closer and penetration is deeper.

When is the Best Time to Aerate Lawns?

If you have cool season turfgrass such as Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass, both spring and fall are ideal times to aerate. In spring, aerate between March and May. Perform fall aeration between August and November. Aeration before or at the time of late season fertilization enhances root growth and improves spring green-up and growth. Warm season turfgrasses such as zoysia grass and Bermuda grass should be aerated in mid-spring to summer. Avoid aerating when warm season grasses are dormant – it may encourage weed competition. In addition, avoid aerating warm season grasses during spring greenup, and not until after their first spring mowing.

Virginia Lawn & Turf Grass

Sat, 13 Aug 2011 10:22:00 -0400

Cool season turfgrasses throughout Virginia are experiencing difficulties associated with summer heat stress. Heat stress results in the grass becoming weakened to the extent that it becomes much more vulnerable to both mechanical and biological stress. Summer decline is therefore a complex of individual factors that can interact to cause more summer problems than each individual stress acting alone.

Persistent daytime temperatures of over 90 degrees, nighttime temperatures above 70 degrees, and high humidity, have combined to place cool-season turf under significant summer stress. The fact that these conditions have relentlessly persisted for many since mid-June (especially in central and eastern Virginia) has resulted in direct heat stress injury as well as making the turf more vulnerable to damage from other summer related stresses (e.g.: excessively close mowing, traffic and wear, warm weather fungal diseases, poor water quality, poor soil drainage, poor air movement, insect damage etc.). As a result, heat related injury and the associated decline in turf quality is often a result of a complex of individual factors acting together. For this reason it is often difficult to get a handle on specific causes of summer decline. Put quite plainly, during a period of mid-summer heat stress like we had during the past month, the grass plants are more vulnerable to everything that can cause damage.

During cooler times of the year these stresses are either non-existent or the grass is healthier and more tolerant. Besides air and soil temperatures, another extremely important environmental influence on the plants ability to cool itself through transpiration is the relative humidity. At high relative humidity the plant is much less able to effectively cool itself and as a result is even more prone to heat buildup and direct heat injury. An important point to remember in measuring heat stress is that standard meteorological weather data records temperature at 5 ft. above the ground and that temperatures at the turf canopy level will likely greatly exceed the recorded high. Air temperatures of 90o F will result in canopy temperatures of at least 105-110 106o F. Note that concerns with the heat are not only limited to natural grass systems – many artificial turf fields have (or should have been) rendered unsuited for play because field surface temperatures have reached the 140 to 150o F levels during the day, temperature levels that present safety concerns to field users. In addition, high air temperatures are only part of the cause of reduced plant vigor.

Prolonged heat stress significantly increases soil temperatures and soil temperatures greatly influence root growth, root health and function. Spring high temperatures are less damaging since the root is in a cooler soil environment. As summer arrives the night temperatures are less cooling on the soil and soil temperatures rise. High soil temperatures result in less root production, rapid root maturation and die-back, and little production of new roots. Above ground the turf thins and individual plants become more spindly A profile of each site and its isolated microenvironments will involve a number of “inventories” as they relate to susceptibility to prolonged heat stress.

Conditions and brief explanations of how they might influence summer decline of cool-season turf follows:

Cutting Height:
Taller mowed turf is logically performing better than grasses being mowed at heights that are ideal only during periods of optimal growth. Unfortunately, this is not something that offers a lot of hope for this year but it is food for thought for next year! Cool-season lawns of 4” or greater cutting heights have survived the heat and drought much better than those mowed at 1-2 inches. Although 4” cutting heights are not suitable for sports turf use, again, taller mowed fields have performed significantly better during the summer. Some recovery in cool-season turf is already being noted following spotty rain events. However, many cool-season turfs have been invaded by heavy populations of summer annual grasses such as crabgrass, goosegrass, and foxtail. These grasses will die at first frost and will then lead to invasion by annual bluegrass and other winter annual weeds. Make plans now to initiate reseeding of these damaged areas in late August/early September in advance of the biggest window of annual bluegrass germination (after considering possible limitations from weed control programs detailed below). Choose the best grass possible by consulting the Turfgrass Variety Recommendations List from Virginia Cooperative Extension.

Traffic Stress:
Heavily trafficked areas have logically suffered during periods of summer stress. Traffic damage will be slow to recover with reduced plant vigor. Higher mowing heights will help in this regard. Plan on reseeding these areas as described above, and where traffic continues (i.e. sports fields) continue to apply small amounts of seed throughout the playing season of the fall.

Public Perception and Maintaining Maximum Aesthetics/Playability:
The public ‘expects’ green grass 12 months out of the year on yards, athletic fields, golf courses etc. That obviously is not possible even in an ‘ideal’ growing season in a transition zone state such as Virginia. Seasonal environmental conditions will often dictate what should and should not be done to the grass to maintain its ‘aesthetics’ and its ‘playability’. On average, much of the climate of central and eastern Virginia is better suited to warm-season grasses than cool-season turf, so where persistent problems arise on an annual basis, consider if there is not a better species of turfgrass available for your particular area and turf uses.

One result of the difficult summer of 2010 for cool-season grasses was an expanded conversion of cool-season lawns to warm-season turf in the spring of 2011 (and warm-season grasses thrive in this heat). The fall season will provide the opportunity for significant cool-season turf recovery and the memories associated with the summer of 2011 will slowly fade. However, the problems will return during the next ‘difficult’ summer in our future. A turf management program should be flexible to “ebb and flow” with the vagaries of weather, especially in the mid-Atlantic transition zone.

Irrigation:
As a rule of thumb, continue to irrigate deeply and frequently (using the 1” of water per week guide) if you have been irrigating this summer. If not, apply no supplemental irrigation (i.e. hopefully allow the turf to remain dormant) and wait for more optimal growing conditions this fall. Irrigate early in the morning in order to reduce leaf wetness periods (i.e. reduce disease infection periods) and ensure your system is applying water efficiently (check heads and nozzles for application pattern, ensure water is not running off the soil, etc.).

Summer Diseases and Insect Pests:
Rhizoctonia Brown Patch is most active under warm day temperatures and warm nights (>70 degrees). Heat stress weakens plants and they can become more susceptible to disease activity at a time of year when the disease pressure is the greatest. Fungicides are often applied more frequently and at higher rates in an attempt to control the pathogens. Anticipate grub problems to be exacerbated on weakened turf and be prepared to address significant activity of fall armyworms and cutworms during late summer. Recommendations on disease and insect control are available in the Pest Management Guide through Virginia Cooperative Extension.

Weed control:
In general refrain from chemical weed control treatments during summer stress periods. The typical size and growth rate of summer annual weeds (things like crabgrass) is so significant at this time that chemical treatments will likely have little to no effect and/or damage the existing cool-season turfgrass. Applications of standard preemergent herbicides can be made this fall for the control of winter annual weeds, BUT REMEMBER THAT MOST OF THESE PRODUCTS WILL ALSO CONTROL ANY GRASS SEED APPLIED DURING RENOVATION EVENTS. If your turf is heavily infested with perennial broadleaf weeds (things like clover, dandelions, plantains, etc.), fall is an ideal time to control these pests. Choose appropriate chemicals from the Pest Management Guide.

Soil Aeration:
The soil must be well aerated for plants to function. Soils that become sealed off at the surface, from compaction, will impair root growth and function and the ability of the turf to cool itself. Tight soils will not readily absorb water and it can make efforts at irrigation difficult. Tight soils, once wet, can often stay wet too long. Plan on utilizing core aeration to improve physical soil conditions this fall, and tie the aeration event to seeding or liming (as indicated by soil testing) applications. Also, topdressing 1-2x per year with ¼ inch depth of a quality compost will improve physical and chemical soil conditions, and its application also is enhanced when done in conjunction with core aeration.

Fertilization:
Conduct a soil test if it has not been performed for the past 3 years. There are numerous private labs that offer this service or you can work with your local VCE agent in having the Virginia Tech lab conduct the test. Fall is the ideal time to benefit from nitrogen applications on cool-season grasses, and after a stressful summer, it is an important part of the grass’ recovery program. During the shorter, cooler days of fall, cool-season turfgrasses devote much of the food they produce in photosynthesis to root systems and storage for later use. Depending on the grass and the expectations/uses of the turf, 1 to 3 lbs N/1000 sq ft might be applied during the fall months of September, October, and November; apply fertilizers that deliver no more than 1 lb of N/1000 sq ft/month. Apply no more than 1 pound of water soluble N per 1000 sq ft in a single application, and when possible, split the application of water soluble fertilizer into two 0.5 lb N increments. Use phosphate-free fertilizers (example 32-0-10) if soil tests indicate no phosphorus is needed. And be sure to keep all fertilizer off hardscapes in order to protect water quality. In conclusion, summer heat injury is complex. However, one difference is that we notice the decline as it happens and try to respond in an appropriate manner. I hope this information helps regarding the complexities of heat stress on cool-season turfs and the potential interactions involved.